The presence of Jews in Bahrain goes back to Talmudic times. Although the Talmud itself does not name Bahrain or ancient Hajar explicitly, it does provide several references to Jewish communities in the ports and islands of the Persian Gulf. Scholars and historians have interpreted these places as including the region of modern-day Bahrain. The Jewish traveler, Benjamin of Tudela, visited the area in the 12th century and wrote about the presence of Jews and their involvement in the local pearl industry.

In the 1880s and early 1900s, Jewish families migrated from Iraq, Iran, and India, looking for trade and economic opportunities, looking for a better life. Many were on their way to other places but after stopping in Bahrain, they decided to stay. Bahrain has always had the reputation of being a welcoming place for people of all religions and a place of opportunity. By the early 20th century, the Jewish community in Bahrain had become established, with its own synagogue and cemetery.

While Jews from other countries in the Middle East were expelled from their homes, Bahraini Jews did not suffer from the same fate. In fact, the ruling Al Khalifa family has always maintained good relations with their Jewish subjects.

Today, Bahrain still has a small Jewish community.